Demonstrate consistent reliability and top-tier security.

Validate Input Thoroughly

Never trust user input — validate it rigorously on both client and server sides.

• Use whitelisting (accept only known good input) over blacklisting.
• Check data types, length, format, and range.
• Sanitize inputs to remove potentially harmful content (like scripts).
• Protect against injection attacks (SQL, NoSQL, OS command injections).

Use Parameterized Queries and ORM

To prevent SQL injection:

• Always use parameterized queries or prepared statements.
• Consider using Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tools that abstract raw SQL.
• Never concatenate user input directly into queries.

Implement Proper Authentication and Authorization

• Use strong, tested authentication mechanisms (OAuth, OpenID Connect).
• Enforce least privilege — users should only have access to what they need.
• Avoid hardcoding credentials or secrets in code.
• Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) where possible.
• Handle Sensitive Data Carefully
• Encrypt sensitive data both at rest and in transit.
• Use strong, current cryptographic algorithms and libraries.
• Never log sensitive information like passwords or credit card numbers.
• Avoid storing passwords in plain text — use strong hashing algorithms with salts (e.g., bcrypt, Argon2).

5. Manage Sessions Securely

• Use secure, HTTP-only cookies for session tokens.
• Implement session timeout and invalidation mechanisms.
• Protect against session fixation and cross-site request forgery (CSRF).
• Use tokens like JWT carefully, ensuring they are properly signed and validated.